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Indigenous (Native/Desi) Backyard Poultry

In rural poultry farming, birds are raised under a traditional extensive scavenging system without special management practices and the flock size ranges from 5 to 50 birds. In rural areas, chicken reared in backyard are generally native/Desi type with low egg and meat production potential. The desi chicken breeds adopted in free-range backyard conditions contribute about 10-12% of total egg production in India due to their low productivity. In India, 19 poultry breeds are registered and are listed below:

Indigenous/Native breeds evolved in different parts of India

Breed Home Tract Characteristics
Ankaleshwar Gujarat Small single combed, well known for its hardiness, poor in productivity and is reared by tribes of Narmada and Bharuch districts of Gujarat. Average weight of male is 1.8 kg and female is 1.6 kg while the age at first egg is 6 months.
Aseel Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Chattisgarh A game bird well known for its pugnacity, high stamina, majestic gait and is bigger in size among native birds which measure up to 28 inches from back to toe. Standard weight varies from 3-5 kg for cocks and 2-4 kg for hens. Age at first egg is 6.68 months and annual egg production is 33.17%.
Busra Gujarat and Maharashtra A small to medium sized bird having no significant character. Average weight of male is 1.11 kg and female is 0.98 kg while the age at first egg is 6 months.
Chittagong Meghalaya and Tripura A large bird measuring 3.5 to 4.5 kg for cocks and 3-4 kg for hens, good game bird.
Danki Andhra Pradesh Heavy bird with glossy and lustrous plumage with compressed single comb. Cocks are good fighters with long necks and legs. Average weight of male is 3.11 kg and female is 2.22 kg and age at first egg is 7.4 months and annual egg production is 32.
Daothigir Assam A heavy breed with good juvenile growth, mostly reared by Bodo community. Average weight of male is 1.79 kg and female is 1.63 kg while the age at first egg is 6 months.
Ghagus Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka Small sized bird with small comb and wattles. Thick neck, feathered shanks, some birds possess whiskers, mostly reared by nomadic tribes. Average weight of male is 2.16 kg and female is 1.43 kg and age at first egg is 5.75 months and annual egg production is 52.
Hansli Odisha The birds are aggressive in nature and males are well suited for fighting purpose. Average weight of male is 3.79 kg and female is 2.52 kg and age at first egg is 7.22 months and annual egg production is 67.31.
Harringhata Black West Bengal A small bodied black bird with typical conformation of a layer. Age at first egg is 5.63 months and annual egg production is 45. Average weight of male is 1.28 kg and female is 1.12 kg.
Kadaknath Madhya Pradesh Medium sized egg type chicken. The skin, beak, shank, toes and soles of feet of males and females are dark gray colour. Comb, wattle and tongue also show a purplish hue. Most of the internal organs show black pigmentation. Average weight of male is 1.6 kg and female is 1.125 kg and annual egg production is 80.
Kalasthi Andhra Pradesh Similar to Danki except that these are smaller in size. Average weight of male is 2.48 kg and female is 1.85 kg and age at first egg is 7.16 months and annual egg production is 34.
Kashmir Faverolla Jammu and Kashmir Smaller in size with small comb and wattles. Feathered comb is present. Age at first egg is 7.0 months and the average weight of bird is 1.0 to 1.2 kg.
Kaunayen Manipur Relatively short shank and long thigh, broad and round rib cage, long body, bonier than fatty type, erect standing posture with head high. The cocks are used for fighting. Average weight of male is 3.01 kg and female is 2.32 kg and annual egg production is 35.
Mewari Rajasthan Females are broody in nature. Average weight of male is 1.9 kg and female is 1.25 kg and age at first egg is 6.78 months and annual egg production is 43.16.
Miri Assam Dual purpose reared by Miri tribe, small sized black bird. Age at first egg is 6.99 months and annual egg production is 62.23.
Nicobari Andaman & Nicobar Good layer among native birds. The brownish matte colour, small sizes, and short legged birds, somewhat round and compact in appearance with a stout neck. Average weight of male is 1.8 kg and female is 1.3 kg and age at first egg is 6.63 months and annual egg production is 148.7.
Punjab Brown Punjab and Haryana Meat type having brown plumage with yellow beak, legs and feet. Average weight of male is 2.15 kg and female is 1.56 kg and age at first egg is 5.5 months and annual egg production is 70.
Tellichery Kerala Small bird having black skin. Plumage colour varies from black to grey and sometimes with various combinations of colour. Average weight of male is 1.62 kg and female is 1.24 kg and age at first egg is 6 months and annual egg production is 70.
Uttara Uttarakhand Compact body, alertness, fighting ability, attractive plumage, suitability for backyard rearing and good taste of meat. Its lighter body with strong wings has a greater chance of avoidance from predators by fast running and flying to a safer place. Average weight of male is 1.30 kg and female is 1.13 kg and age at first egg is 5.5 months and annual egg production is 137.

Source: ICAR-NBAGR, Karnal, Haryana

Kadaknath female bird

Kadaknath male bird

Source: ICAR-NBAGR, Karnal, Haryana

Advantages of Indigenous/Native birds

Limitations of Indigenous/Native birds